Fundamental processes of positive change
Briñol, P., & Petty, R. E. (in press). Fundamental processes of positive change. European Review of Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2024.2424146
Abstract
Many strategies designed to facilitate the generation of positive thoughts
(focusing on strengths, imagining the best possible self, reflecting on achievements)
are effective in making people feel better and increasing their wellbeing.
But, the question is why? We review the underlying processes by which these
and other positive actions (from smiling, expressing gratitude, being kind, etc.)
can operate. In addition to drawing a distinction between relatively low and
high thinking processes relevant to primary cognition, the present article
introduces for the first time meta-cognitive processes of change as relevant to
this domain. By examining thought validation and invalidation mechanisms, we
make predictions about the circumstances in which positive and negative
thoughts are more or less likely to produce the desired effects. Also, by identifying
moderators of validation process and outcomes, we contribute to improving
the benefits of many positive variables even further, specifying why, when,
and for whom various positive treatments are more likely to work or to backfire.
